April 24 Books Build
Better Brains:
Early brain and child development –
Child
development is a foundation for community development and economic development.
Children become the foundation of a sustainable society. We need to invest in
the future.
Brains are
built over time. Don’t invest in just babies and you also can’t just wait until
later. Invest in families, too. Adults also have learning needs.
What
predicts development – biology, health and development, ecology (where are
they, who is around them, what is the world like?) Three legged stool –
genetics/biology, socio-economic env, attachment and relationship patterns.
The
interactive influences of genes and experience literally shape the architecture
of the developing brain. And the active
ingredient is the serve and return nature of children’s engagement in
relationships with their parents and other caregivers. Interaction. People over
products. This is becoming forgotten in our society. Humans do not develop in
isolation. Often face-to-face interaction isn’t modeled for them. “what is my
child going to learn from me? They are better off in front of and “educational”
dvd.” Face-to-face interaction is a learned behavior…. It’s not a natural
reaction or behavior for many people.
Scaffolding
and simple skills for more advanced skills over time.
Toxic
stress in early childhood is associated with persistent effects on the nervous
system. Lifelong effects on learning, behavior, and even physical health. The
healthier the society, the higher the IQ. Brain functions and nerve firings are
higher in a normal 3 year old brain versus a neglected child.
Stress Response: increases in cortisol and epinephrine. Some
stress is normal and helps us respond to the world. The degree and type of
stress is what can cause detrimental
versus helpful reactions.
3 levels:
positive response (learn from it),
tolerable (serious and temporary stress responses, buffered by
supportive relationships), toxic stress (not a single bad stressor – prolonged activation
of the stress response system. It stays for weeks, months, years, entire lifetimes
and there are fewer or no buffering relationships).
Socio-emotional
buffering is the primary factor of distinguishing level of stress. Toxic stress
can be intergenerational. Child abuse, parental substance abuse, domestic
violence, war/violence, poverty, homelessness, neglect. They create effects
that reverberate throughout a lifetime. Poverty is neurotoxic. Children with typical
cortisol response have higher executive function and were rated as having more
self-control in the classroom. Those with a flat, high or very low or blunt
response had a lower function and had less self-control. Another study:
children engaged with mothers engaged in scaffolding play had lower cortisol
levels and were more attentive. Let the child explore while providing a
foundation for the play. Child has a chance to try things out and be
persistent. Children who were in more authoritarian had higher cortisol levels
and were found to be less attentive. This was found at 7 months of age and
again at 15 months. They also found that the more impoverished the family, the
less likely they were to engage in scaffolding play. Why is this happening?
Many critical factors.
The Adverse Childhood Experience Study -
17,000 patients that looked at childhood abuse and toxic
stressors. Most were middle-class white people average age of 57 split even
between men and women. This was NOT a study looking just at poverty families.
High responses and unexpectedly common with adverse stressors in their
childhood. 75-100 percent risk of development delay with exposure to 5+ risk
factors. 3x the risk of heart disease if you had 7-8 stressors compared to
somebody with 0. Smoking risk, adult alcoholism drug use, suicide/attempts, etc
all at higher risk for adults who had early adversity.
Epigenetics – what happens over your lifetime will somehow
be passed on to your children and future generations through genetics. Twins
have same genome but have different epigenomes. Fetal exposure can be passed on
to future generations – later come out in future generations not necessarily
the current one.
Where may we have science-policy gaps? Child welfare –
mandated maternal employment and public assistance. May be causing problems for
the child AND the child’s child by not encouraging family functions and
requiring them to be gone from the home.
Creating the right conditions for early childhood
development is easier and more effective than trying to fix problems later on.
We need good protective interventions to keep healthy child on the right path.
Can also do stuff for children who are at risk. Model good discipline, reading,
setting limitations, language stimulation from people not from products, high
quality early childhood education, a society that recognizes good, quality
education not just somebody who is around all day and is accessible for
everyone, specialized services, home visits, etc. We need to reduce the
barriers to positive socio-emotional behaviors. Is a parent working three jobs
to earn a living wage? What do you think that is doing to their kids and family
life?
700 new
neural connection per second for infants
at 18
months, we can measure disparities in early vocabulary based on an economic
scale. Achievement gap starts at this age.
For every dollar we put in early childhood programs, we get
4-9 back.
“It is easier to build strong children than repair broken
men” – Frederick douglass.
Table Talk: What can we do about it?
Give credit to pregnant and teen parents for participating
in family classes and personal environment and parent programs. Help to
eliminate the stressors of teen mothers.
Head start-like programs that encourage the whole family to
participate in activities. Reach out to all families but make a special effort
to reach at-risk office.
WIC offices
Modeling interactions during storytime
Decrease the stigma of assistance
Parent play programs to encourage scaffolding and
face-to-face play
Quality Time is a big issue for many families, particularly
those who are “at-risk” – single parents, poverty, working lots and school,
substance abuse, little or no help from other family members
Broaden support for parents in community settings
School-based health centers
Home visiting programs
Resilience training (7Cs)
Optimism
Emotional coaching
Positive parenting
Intentional skill building
Investing in early intervention programs
Big brother/big sister
Mentoring activities
Investment in new strategies
Little league/gymnastics/etc
Address political and sociological problems
Reading Reality
“Meaningful Differences in the every day experiences of
young children” study
Wisconsin ranks 49th out of 50 states on daily
reading practices for families in poverty.
4 Rs of early childhood – routines, reading, rhyming,
rewards, relationships
2013 senate joint resolution 59 – remind legislators about
it and encourage funding to support the language in the resolution.
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